Tradition and modernity in Myanmar: proceedings of an international conference held in Berlin from May 7th to May 9th, 1993. "Monasticism: Buddhist Monasticism The severe legal constraints placed on aspiring bhikkhunis . (1992), Revival without revivalism: the case of the Buddhists of Malaysia, Sojourn: Social Issues in Southeast Asia (Singapore) 7, no.2 (Aug) 326-335, Liow, Woon Khin Benny (1989) Buddhist temples and association in Penang, 1845-1948Journal of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society (Kuala Lumpur) 62, no.1 57-87, Mohamed Yusoff Ismail (1990), Buddhism among the Siamese of Kelantan: minority religion in a Muslim state, Jurnal Antropologi dan Sosiologi (Kuala Lumpur) 18 55-69, Muhammad Kamal Hassan (1977) A brief survey of Buddhist ascetic practicesAkademika (Kuala Lumpur) no.10 (Jan) 67-76, Vijaya Samarawickrama (2001) Bar Council Malaysia seminar on freedom of religion: the Buddhist view, INSAF: The Journal of the Malaysian Bar (Kuala Lumpur) Special issue 43-54, MALAYSIA : BOOKS, OR BOOK CHAPTERSMohamed Yusoff Ismail (1993), Two faces of Buddhism: Chinese participation in Thai Theravada temples in Kelantan, In: Cheu, Hock Tong, ed. Tun (1984), The Buddha's Footprints in Burma, Journal of Asian and African Studies = Ajia Afurika gengo bunka kenkyu (Tokyo) , no.28, (1984), 119-137, Wijeyewardene, Gehan (1987) The Theravada compact and the Karen Sojourn: Social Issues in Southeast Asia (Singapore) 2, no.1 (Feb) 31-54, Win Pe (1978), The intellect in Buddhism, Guardian (Rangoon) , 25 (Nov), 21-24, Woodward, Mark R. (1988), When one wheel stops: Theravada Buddhism and the British Raj in upper Burma, Crossroads (DeKalb, IL) , 4, no.1 (Fall, 1988), 57-90, Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe (2000), The orientalizing of Burmese politics? Discipline: The Canonical Buddhism of the Vinayapitaka. de Casparis. 199-214 Hamilton Asia NX577 .A78 1991, Shukla, M.S. In the 9th century a school of wall meditation was introduced by the Chinese monk Vo Ngon Thong. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002. Hinduism and Buddhism exerted an enormous influence on the civilizations of Southeast Asia and contributed greatly to the development of a written tradition in that area. Horner, Isaline B., trans. 2550 McCarthy Mall From the 7th century onward, Vajrayana Buddhism spread rapidly throughout the area. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1997. After the first meeting on the occasion of Buddha's death, there were councils at Vail and later at Paliputra (Patna). New York: Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan, 1989. This and other writings by Schopen are authoritative studies on social, economic, and doctrinal issues in Indian Buddhist monasticism. The Buddha Dharma isn't earth-centric, and the humility that arises from that feels wholesome. Whiting Bay, Isle of Arran, Scotland : Kiscadale Publications Hamilton Asia DS529.2 .T473 1988, Than Tun (2002), Buddhist art and architecture with special reference to Myanma / Yangon: Sein Pan Myaing : Distributed by Mon Ywe, Hamilton Asia N7312 .T53 2002, Tin Maung Maung Than (1993), Sangha reforms and renewal of sasana in Myanmar: historical trends and contemporary practice, In: Ling, Trevor, ed. Buddhists believe that the best way to follow the path to enlightenment is to live a disciplined lifestyle, one conducive to generating awareness of one's mental states and the causally produced nature of all elements of existence. The monastic law codes divide offenses according to severity and include detailed definitions and case examples for what constitutes each kind of transgression. Therefore, one would say that these installations were directly linked to the economic growth of these centres, where merchants and religious communities traded together buying goods, such as cloth or incense oil. The kingdom included all of northern India and was influential in Khotan, Yarkand, Kashgar, and further east. Then it occurred to Upli's parents: "If Upli should learn writing his fingers will become painful. 252p. v.2, 543-549 Hamilton Asia DS423 .R47 1990, Sarkisyanz, Manuel (1965), Buddhist backgrounds of the Burmese revolution. Tradition and modernity in Myanmar: proceedings of an international conference held in Berlin from May 7th to May 9th, 1993. Buddhism in South-east Asia : mainly based on epigraphic sources / Calcutta : Atisha Memorial Pub. Journal of Buddhist Ethics 6 (1999) 313330. ; Sumi, Tokan, eds. Taung Goe (2000), The dagun-pole, mark of a peaceful sanctuary, Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) , 5, no.2, 31-32, Tekkatho Tin Kha (2000), A novitiation ceremony that involves 1,000 local youths, Guardian (Rangoon) , 47, no.1 (Jan), 9-11, Thabye Khin (1999), The Jivitadana Sangha Hospital, Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) , 4, no.2, 24-28, Than Tun (1978), History of Buddhism in Burma A.D. 1000-1300 , Journal of the Burma Research Society (Rangoon) , 61 (Dec), 1-264, Thanlyin Myint Aye (1993), A pilgrimmage to Thamanya, Guardian (Rangoon) , 40, no.7 (Jul), 32-33, Thaw Kaung (1999), Offering of Thin-bok Swoon, a Rakhine Buddhist festival, Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) , 4, no.2, 36-39, Tin Maung; Muang Than (1988), The sangha and sasana in socialist Burma, Sojourn: Social Issues in Southeast Asia (Singapore) , 3, no.1 (Feb) , 26-61, Than. Farther to the east and south, in what is now Cambodia and southern Vietnam, various combinations of Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism, and Vajrayana Buddhism became prevalent. 268p. (Berkeley Buddhist studies series, 2.) 277p. Buddhist Monasticism in East Asia: Places of Practice. de Casparis. Buddhism, the first Indian religion to require large communal and monastic spaces, inspired three types of architecture. (Sata-pitaka series, 364.) 259-288 Hamilton Asia BQ843 .S23 1997, Schober, Juliane (1989) Sybille Paths to enlightenment [microform] : Theravada Buddhism in upper Burma / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Hamilton Asia-Library Use Only MICROFICHE S30956, Slater, Robert Henry Lawson (1951) Paradox and Nirvana; a study of religious ultimates with special reference to Burmese Buddhism Chicago, University of Chicago Press Hamilton BL1445.B95 S6, Smith, Donald Eugene (1965), Religion and politics in Burma Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, Hamilton DS485.B892 S5, Snodgrass, Judith (1996), Colonial constructs of Theravada Buddhism: current perspectives on Western writing on Asian tradition, In: Traditions in current perspective: proceedings of the Conference on Myanmar and Southeast Asian Studies, 15-17 November 1995, Yangon. (Religion, history, and culture.) 154-170 Hamilton Asia BQ4690.M3 M34 1988, Thien Tam, Thich (1991), Buddhism of wisdom and faith: Pure Land principles and practice, : Sepulveda, Calif.: International Buddhist Monastic Institute, 1991 340 p. Hamilton Asia, BQ8515.6 .T5 1991, Topmiller, Robert J. New Delhi: S. Chand, 1983. Yangon: s.n., 1999. various pagings. 308p. *Sri Lanka was not ruled as a unified island. Buddhist monastic life is considered a liberation from mental and physical bondage and conducive to religious development. Hinayana and Mahayana traditions spread into the two Indianized states, Funan (founded during the 1st century ce) and Champa (founded 192 ce). Buddhist spirituality: Indian, Southeast Asian, Tibetan, and early Chinese. That is, as long as monks obeyed the monastic laws and engaged in the ritual and meditative practices, Buddhism could and did appear in manifold forms through history. Bangkok: Sathirakoses-Nagapradipa Foundation; Foundation for Children, 1999. [CDATA[ Some monks managed their own finances, and in some places a special lay office was established at monasteries to handle donations and finances for monks. Monasteries were well endowed and became centers of learning and religious practice, and often of community life. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/monasticism-buddhist-monasticism. By the late 13th century, the movement had spread to Thailand, where the Thai were gradually displacing the Mon as the dominant population. ." Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, Dept. 363p. BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BUDDHISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, *BRUNEI*BRUNEI: JOURNAL ARTICLESHarrisson, Tom (1955), Indian pioneers in Borneo: c.500 A.D. on Sarawak Museum Journal (Kuching) 6, no.6 (new series), no.21 (old series) (Dec) 511-517, 2p. 1997 71-78 Hamilton Asia NB1015 .S36 1997, Pou, Saveros (1998), Ancient Cambodia's epigraphy: the concept of merit-making and merit-offering In: Manguin, Pierre-Yves, ed. Accordingly, Buddhist monks and monasteries accepted donations of cash, land, and material of all kinds, and they sometimes became rich and powerful. The Vinaya monastic literature records that early monks and nuns wandered from place to place, even through the rainy season. A canonical account of early monastic life. Hamilton Asia DU1 .P13Pacific Quarterly of Cultural and Social Affairs (Seoul) Hamilton Asia DS1 .A47345Prabuddha Bharata (Calcutta) Hamilton Asia BL1100 .P7Policy Sciences (Amsterdam) Hamilton Main H1 .P7Religion (Newcastle, England) , Hamilton Main BL1 .R37Visakha Puja Hamilton Asia BL1400 .V5Sarawak Museum Journal (Kuching) Hamilton Asia DS646.36 .A35Sawaddi. Choulean Ang (1988). Buddhism in Southeast Asia includes a variety of traditions of Buddhism including two main traditions: Mahyna Buddhism and Theravda Buddhism. Nevertheless, in the second decade of the 21st century, both government restrictions on opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and rules regarding political participation were eased, and the future of Buddhism seemed destined for change. Building peace in the minds of men and women Expansion of Buddhism into Southeast Asia Since Buddhist monks used to travel with merchants, maritime trade relations between South and Southeast Asia played a major role for the expansion of Buddhism into the latter region. "Buddhist Law as Religious System?" Even though monks and monasteries were outside of temporal society and did not recognize conventional social and political authority structures, relationships between monasteries and governments were often symbiotic. However, the country has never officially recognized the monastic ordination of women, and bhikkhunis do not generally enjoy the same level of societal acceptance as their male counterparts. Buddhist monasteries became centers for the production of an extensive literary corpus that was often translated into new host languages and subsequently expanded. Tantrism, Daoism, and Confucianism also filtered into Vietnam at this time. 220p. Farmers began to complain about crops destroyed by Buddhists wandering in the monsoon, poorly nourished and weak monks and nuns began to develop illnesses, and the large numbers were difficult to manage. Southeast Asia: women, changing social structure and cultural continuity. (1990), Buddhist devotionalism in Burma, In: Kuppuram, G.; Kumudamani, K., eds. Barabudur: history and significance of a Buddhist monument. 47-83 Hamilton Asia DS338 .F78 2001, Ensink, Jacob (1978), Siva-Buddhism in Java and Bali, In: Bechert, Heinz, ed. W67World of Music Hamilton Pacific ML1 .W596. Ithaca, N.Y., 1995. The chapter also explores that the pre-fifth century networks continued to have significant impact on the . Zysk, Kenneth. de Casparis. 1990 113-124; also in CONTRIB SE AS ETHNOL no.9 (Dec 1990) 113-124 Hamilton Asia GN635.A75 C66 no.9, de Casparis, J.G. 430p., 20p. Tiantai Buddhism, originating with Zhiyi (538597) at Mount Tiantai in China, aspired to incorporate other schools within a comprehensive vision. John P. Ferguson (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975); Emanuel Sarkisyanz, Buddhist Backgrounds of the . There appears to be a high degree of monastic involvement with lay society, and the provision of special amenities for monks who prefer a strictly contemplative life, as in Sri Lanka and Thailand, has been well defined in practice. Buddhist approaches found in Southeast Asia, Tibet, and China; and the indigenous Chinese traditions, Daoism and Neo-Confucianism. In two of these (the region of Malaysia/Indonesia and the region on the mainland extending from Myanmar to southern Vietnam), the main connections have been with India and Sri Lanka via trade routes. Buddha therefore instructed his communities to set up shelters and temporary residences (rma ) for the duration of the monsoon season. As a result, monasteries grew in number and in strength in India, in the far northwest as far as the Greek colonies, to the north in the Himalayas, and in Southeast Asia. Rather loosely joined together, Vietnamese Buddhists managed to preserve their traditions through the period of French colonial rule in the 19th and 20th centuries. Other meetings followed the First Council. Throughout the 20th century, British colonial policy . Sydney, Sydney University Press for the Australian Academy of the Humanities, 1975. It demonstrates the reasons and methods of the initial spread of the doctrine within South Asia and from South Asia to Han and post-Han China. The main point is that, as Buddhist monasticism developed, there were disruptive forces in the community. 178-186 Hamilton BQ4012 .P73, Bechert, Heinz (1978), German studies of Buddhism in Southeast Asia In: Cultures in encounter: Germany and the Southeast Asian nations: a documentation of the ASEAN Cultural Week, Tubingen, Summer 1977. Since the vows of the Buddhist monk in principle are not permanent, the theoretical emphasis on celibacy became academic in many parts of Asia. 1.3 Political structures in Southern India *Sinhala Dynasties. Barabudur: history and significance of a Buddhist monument. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1997. Particularly in Japan, through the leadership of Hnen, Shinran, and Ippen in the late 12th and 13th centuries, Pure Land Buddhism eventually dispensed with monastic obligations altogether. Yangon: Universities Historical Research Centre, 363p. Hamilton Main BL60 .A7Arts of Asia (Hong Kong) Hamilton Main N 8 .A772Asia (New York) ,Hamilton Asia DS1 .A4712Asia Journal of Theology (Singapore) Hamilton Asia BR1 .E27Asia Quarterly (Brussels) Hamilton Asia DS1 .A464Asian culture quarterly. 277p. ; Nguyen Tai Thu, ed. 139-172 Hamilton Asia BQ6343.B67 B37, Woodward, Hiram W., Jr. (1982), Barabudur as a stupa,In: Gomez, Luis; Woodward, Hiram W. Jr., eds. The two are eremitic asceticism, likely taken from the earliest years of the order, and cenobitic community life, in which monks and nuns are engaged with monastic brethren and lay society. The long-term development of Buddhism in Vietnam, however, was most affected by Zen and Pure Land traditions, which were introduced from China into the northern and central sections of the country beginning in the 6th century ce. Buddhist trends in Southeast Asia. 1998 v.2, 97-102 Hamilton Asia DS523 .E89 1994, Thompson, Ashley (2000), Introductory remarks between the lines: writing histories of Middle Cambodia In: Andaya, Barbara Watson, ed. The world's religions. The Buddhist heritage: papers delivered at the symposium of the same name convened at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, November 1985. I thank the organizers and members of the audience for their feedback. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1995. Groningen, Netherlands: Egbert Forsten, 2001. 165-183 Hamilton Asia BL1950.A785 C445 1993, Mohamed Yusoff Ismail (1993) Buddhism and ethnicity : social organization of a Buddhist temple in Kelantan / Singapore : ISEAS, Hamilton Asia BQ549.K35 M69 1993, Nagata, Judith (1995), Limits to the indigenisation of Buddhism in Malaysia, with a focus on the religious community in Penang, In: Rokiah Talib; Tan, Chee-Beng, eds. 345p. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Such lavish support brought merit to the wealthy and royal classes. //