Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. You can even initialize the JSON in a separate step and pass it by name, especially if it is complex. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); How do i use javascript executor in Karate UI. Also note that this is pure JSON which means that you have excellent IDE support for syntax-coloring, formatting, indenting, and ensuring well-formed-ness. And the JSON will still be well-formed, and editable in your IDE or text-editor. All the methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able. Karate Test Automation Made Simple. Otherwise they would be evaluated as expressions - which does come in useful for some dynamic data-driven situations: Yes, you can even nest chunks of JSON in tables, and things work as you would expect. The recommended approach for Karate reporting in a Continuous Integration set-up is described in the next section which can generate the JUnit XML format that most CI tools can consume. * match driver.dialog == 'Please enter your name, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load. For convenience, it will do a string contains match (not an exact match) so you dont need to worry about http vs https for example. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. Given url https://www.kloia.com/ If a file does not end in .json, .xml, .yaml, .js, .csv or .txt, it is treated as a stream - which is typically what you would need for multipart file uploads. But you can choose a single test to run like this: When your Java test runner is linked to multiple feature files, which will be the case when you use the recommended parallel runner, you can narrow down your scope to a single feature, scenario or directory via the command-line, useful in dev-mode. So instead of doing this: You should prefer this form, which is more readable: Note that to navigate to a new address you can use driver - which is more concise. You should be able to run tests in parallel with ease ! This will give you the usual HTML report showing what features will be run, including all steps shown (including comments) so that it can be reviewed. And you can have a nested heirarchy, which means you can neatly name-space your locator reference look-ups - as you will see later below. If you mix Karate into a Maven or Gradle project with many other dependendies, you may run into problems because of dependency conflicts. For e.g. I have used this for my response. The above example would save the file and perform auto-embedding into the HTML report. You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. { A callonce is ideally used for only pure JSON. return 'this text will be displayed to the user when they click the rebase button' to customize rebase filename and/or output), Function to be called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports (e.g. "c": 3 Standard JavaScript syntax rules apply, but the right-hand-side should begin with the function keyword if declared in-line. The Karate regression test-suite that runs in GitHub actions (effectively our CI) - includes another example, and you can find a good explanation here. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. { "roomInformation": [{ "roomPrice": 618.4 }], "totalPrice": 618.4 }, This is useful when you ship a JAR file containing re-usable features and JavaScript / Java code and want to default a few variables that teams can inherit from. You can ask for an element by its relative position to another element which is visible - such as a ,

or and for which the locator is easy to obtain. We will discuss the Karate API, UI Automation, and g. In the example below, note the use of the karate.get() helper for getting the value of a dynamic variable (which was not set at the time this JS function was declared). foo: 'hello', While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. For example: And similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response. Look at multipart entity for an example. You can imagine how you could evolve a nice set of utilities that validate all your domain objects. Naturally, only one value can be returned. Karate will traverse sub-directories and look for *.feature files. That said, there is some benefit to re-use of just locators and Karates support for JSON and reading files turns out to be a great way to achieve DRY-ness in tests. The scenario expression result is expected to be an array of JSON objects. { The advantage of this approach is that it works with any of the actions. Observe how the get shortcut is used to distill the result array of variable envelopes into an array consisting only of response payloads. For example instead of: When it comes to JavaBean getters and setters, you could call them directly, but the driver.propertyName form is much better to read, and you save the trouble of typing out round brackets. Here is an example of using the call keyword to invoke another feature file, loaded using the read function: If you find this hard to understand at first, try looking at this set of examples. To signal the end of the data, just return null. Powerful JSON & XML assertions are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. In other words, when call or callonce is used without a def, the called script not only shares all variables (and configure settings) but can update the shared execution context. It can be used instead of waitForUrl() and you can still perform a page URL assertion as seen below. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. To use the recommended --security-opt seccomp=chrome.json Docker option, add a secComp property to the driverTarget configuration. The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. The configure driver options are fine for testing on localhost and when not in headless mode. (Also added cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse). did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? Even though Wikipedia says "web-API", it can do web UI . JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. Here below is the equivalent of the above, done the hard way: The built-in DockerTarget is a good example of how to: Controlling this flow from Java can take a lot of complexity out your build pipeline and keep things cross-platform. { function(x, y, i) { For this you can use karate.stop() - but of course, NEVER forget to remove this before you move on to something else ! A common need is to move (or hover) the mouse, and for this you call the move() method. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). Combined with Docker, headless Chrome and Karates parallel-execution capabilities - this simple start() and stop() lifecycle can effectively run web UI automation tests in parallel on a single node. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. Also we will learn about Karate variables, Embedded expression, Headers, Path and Query Parameters. } Can be expressions that will be evaluated. The first will simply return a List of Element instances. """, # use dynamic path expressions to mutate json, * def filename = zone == 'zone1' ? Another example for a popular Maven reporting plugin that is compatible with Karate JSON is Cluecumber. There is no concept of a default where for e.g. Learn more. For example: As seen above, you dont have to force all your steps to use the Given, When, Then BDD convention, and you can just use * instead. For example: For Gradle, you must extend the test task to allow the karate.options to be passed to the runtime (otherwise they get consumed by Gradle itself). Note how we read as a string, but cast to JSON: If you want to use the triple-quote / multi-line way of defining JSON or if you have to use XML - you can use text and cast to JSON or XML as a second step - before using in a match: Karates match is strict, and the case where a JSON key exists but has a null value (#null) is considered different from the case where the key is not present at all (#notpresent) in the payload. Important: do not use the @RunWith(Karate.class) annotation. Note that jbang itself is super-easy to install and there is even a Zero Install option. Note that the parallel runner will run Scenario-s in parallel, which means they can run in any order. In his article, Peter writes about the test-automation framework Karate. It is best explained via examples. Keep in mind that: Will actually attempt to evaluate the given string as JavaScript within the browser. """, "function(e){ return getComputedStyle(e)['font-size'] }", # this shorter version is equivalent to the above, # get text for all elements that match css selector, # now you can have multiple steps refer to "e", # find all elements with the text-content "Click Me", # perform some API calls and initialize the value of "token". When eyeballing a test-script, think of the * as a bullet-point. and & will be automatically inserted. { The rare need to double-click is supported as a doubleClick() method: Closes the browser. This is best explained via, returns the size of the map-like or list-like object. It may be easier for you to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project with one command. Karate has built-in support for re-trying an HTTP request until a certain condition has been met. In such cases, you can always fall-back to a waitForUrl() or a more generic waitFor(). count: '#number', Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate Tutorial, we will learn about webelement functions in Karate, l. For example, see the sayHelloFactory() method below: And now, to get a reference to that function you can do this: This can be convenient when using shared scope because you can just call sayHello('myname') where needed. Karate, created by Intuit a few years ago, has matured into a stable tool with unique functionality. The rest can also be used even in primitive data matches like so: If two cross-hatch # symbols are used as the prefix (for example: ##number), it means that the key is optional or that the value can be null. What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to variables: And functions work as well ! Normally we recommend that you keep your re-usable features lightweight - by limiting them to just one Scenario. The listenResult magic variable will hold the value passed to the call to karate.signal(). } The mouse().move() method has two forms. The websocket URL will look like this: ws://127.0.0.1:4444/0e0bd1c0bb2d4eb550d02c91046dd6e0. myInt + ''), in some rare cases, you may need to convert a string to a number. This method returns a boolean (true or false), perfect for asserting if an element exists and giving you the option to perform conditional logic, or manually fail the test. Note that the Java class does not need to be public and even the test methods do not need to be public - so tests end up being very concise. You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. Note the combination of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the browser: Normal page reload, does not clear cache. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Especially when payloads are complex (or highly dynamic), it may be more practical to use contains semantics. The final piece of the puzzle is to set up a batch file to start the server: The exec is important here so that Karate can stop the node process cleanly. So you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file (or scenario) without needing to use a JUnit runner. . { XML and XPath works just like youd expect. Listing for: Cognizant United States, Cognizant Technology Solutions. And the right-hand-side can be any valid Karate expression. Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. You can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the browser makes - into a Karate test-double ! The usage of karate.write() here is just an example, you can use JS or Java interop as needed. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. If you use * as the urlPattern every request can be routed to the mock ! Do note that when passing JSON, the default Map and List representations should suffice for most needs (see example), and using them would avoid un-necessary string-conversion. Below are the capabilities of Karate UI. This is useful in any situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as GraphQL or SQL. This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. Note that there is a top-level config flag for headless mode. It is worth repeating that in most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. As a convenience, to reset the value to what was initially set, you can call timeout() with no argument: Only applies to WebDriver based driver sessions, and useful in case you need the session id to download any test-reports / video etc. Soumendra Daas has created a nice example and guide that you can use as a reference here: hello-karate. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). Simple arrays of strings or numbers can be stripped of duplicates using karate.distinct(). You can see what the result looks like here. }". You can pass 2 integers as the x and y co-ordinates or you can pass the locator string of the element to move to. The built-in driver JS object is where you script UI automation. One indicator of a good automation framework is how much work a developer needs to do in order to perform any automation action - such as clicking a button, or retrieving the value of some HTML object / property. Format of the trustStore file. But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting. During variable creation, the gherkin keyword is optional. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). But if you need to use values in the response headers - they will be in a variable named responseHeaders. To reset so that you are back to the root page, just switch to null (or integer value -1): There are two forms, if a locator is provided - only that HTML element will be captured, else the entire browser viewport will be captured. Note that the ? Navigates to a new page / address. There are 2 variants, one that takes an integer as the param, in which case the frame is selected based on the order of appearance in the page: Or you use a locator that points to the