Bemaka-Souis tireless leadership and her efforts to forge these institutional frameworks resulted in the critical foundation for the government to steadily improve its efforts to combat human trafficking. After reasonable requests from the Department of State for data regarding such investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and sentences, a government which does not provide such data, consistent with a demonstrably increasing capacity of such government to obtain such data, shall be presumed not to have vigorously investigated, prosecuted, convicted, or sentenced such acts. Enabling human trafficking survivors participation in the regulated financial sector is critical. Jamaica Traffickers can commit this crime in any sector or setting, whether legal or illicit, including but not limited to agricultural fields, factories, restaurants, hotels, massage parlors, retail stores, fishing vessels, mines, private homes, or drug trafficking operations. Page 5: Picture Alliance Slovenia More than 175 countries have ratified or acceded to the UN TIP Protocol which defines trafficking in persons and contains obligations to prevent and combat the crime. the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. Belarus A trauma-informed approach should ultimately build trust and transparency between survivors and service providers, and it must also be responsive to gender, age, ethnic, and cultural differences. The college program promised free tuition for a two-year degree program in Culinary Arts, free room and board, and an internship. Since the declaration of a national state of emergency in Peru, the assignments of police units, including those focused on anti-trafficking efforts, shifted to enforcing the government-imposed isolation measures. These included women and children, people affected by travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders, communities in areas of food insecurity, and survivors of trafficking, as well as persons directly and indirectly affected by the disruption of economic activities and reduced livelihood options. This emphasizes the importance of prioritizing safety, privacy, and informed use of technology when facilitating virtual trafficking assessments, investigations, and coordination of services with trafficking victims. For example, the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program funds professional military education and training for the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) that improves their capabilities, promotes respect for human rights, improves defense resource management, civil-military cooperation, and education on gender-based violence and womens health, and enhances interoperability for U.S.-Afghan joint operations. Mai Shiozaki-Lynch As a result, there was a significant increase in suspicious transaction reports filed by financial institutions related to this activity. Our bodies are lying in alleys and warehouses unnoticed; we are pawns in a system that doesnt care about us. In 2019, the Afghan Ministry of Interior expanded child protection units (CPUs) to all 34 provinces, an increase from the 27 CPUs in 2018, to prevent the recruitment of children into the Afghan National Police. Representation and diversity of experience and thought matter. The United States TVPA and the UN TIP Protocol contain similar definitions of human trafficking. With proper training and guidance, financial institutions and designated non-financial businesses are able to identify illicit finance related to human trafficking and report potential cases. The Government will be the main sponsor of the Gospel Music Awards, contributing $100,000, Gopee-Scoon said. The project is expected to go on for 24 months. Mauritius Still, the specific and long-term needs of survivors of familial trafficking can be met in a variety of ways. A child who has been exploited by a family member will mostly likely need services to address complex trauma, attachment, and severe exploitation. FMF has supported Nigerias ability to participate in peacekeeping, counterterrorism and maritime security operations. Steven Davis The Department of State further assesses that the most durable solution to the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers will be a negotiated political settlement that ends Libyas current conflict. Many reputable sources publish information online to help the public understand when information being shared about human trafficking is misleading or false. iv. For instance, advocates, survivors, and other experts have found that ingrained racial biases and stereotypes, which were created as a way to dehumanize certain racial communities to justify their exploitation and exclusion, hinder progress in anti-trafficking efforts because they lead to racially disparate assumptions about who is a trafficker and who should have access to victim protection and services. Based on this knowledge, the field has adapted anti-trafficking efforts to support survivors in specific, appropriate, and effective ways. Page v: Panos Pictures/Karen Robinson Then the church started the process of ex-communication to revoke my college scholarships because they believed I was willingly living my life in sin. NATO Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Action Plan to be adopted by October 2020. Vietnam The victim stories and photographs included in this report are meant to be illustrative [see PDF version for photos]. 2551 (XL-O/10), Department of Public Security and Department against Transnational Organized Crime, The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains in the Garment and Footwear Sector(2017), OECD Task Force on Countering Illicit Trade, OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings (2003), Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Trafficking in Human Beings, Regional Conference on Migration Plan of Action (updated in 2009), The Liaison Officers Network to Combat Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons, SADC Strategic Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Persons, especially women and Children (2009-2019), Economic Community of West African States, European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, Council of Europes Group of Experts on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings, International Criminal Police Organization, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. As a result, APRAMP was able to remain active in reporting on sex trafficking trends, thus providing strategic information to other relevant stakeholders. Doing so allowed the organization to continue connecting with potential trafficking victims, now hidden in private apartments and clandestine areas instead of clubs and brothels, which had been ordered to close due to the lockdown along with all other public spaces. The courageous voices of survivors, their family members abroad, researchers, and international advocacy groups have thoroughly documented the PRCs discriminatory use of surveillance technologies and trumped-up administrative and criminal charges to abduct and detain more than one million Muslims, including Uyghurs, ethnic Hui, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, ethnic Tajiks, and ethnic Uzbeks, in as many as 1,200 state-run internment camps throughout Xinjiang. That all changed when, after a few months, Joriz took a nude photo of Benilda and then forced her to pose naked in front of a webcam. Jason Martin Curaao Peacekeeping Operations $12,692,025 Monica Maurer Hong Kong Effective risk mitigation and management plans should responsibly incorporate survivor-informed, trauma-informed, and victim-centered approaches to meet the needs of survivors and minimize the chances of re-traumatization during crises. Report: Police, coast guard, immigration officers also involved. Finland Solomon Islands Page 20: Seivan Salim Kosovo In 2013, the United States Federal Strategic Action Plan on Services for Victims of Human Trafficking in the United States (Plan) identified the importance of engaging with survivors in decision-making processes as anti-trafficking leaders. any person under 15 years of age who has been voluntarily recruited into governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; or. At the local and regional levels,she is persistent in advancing advocacy, outreach, and rehabilitation services to combat human trafficking. In three years, I had slept with over 500 people. The Department places each country in this Report onto one of four tiers, as mandated by the TVPA. We are the unwanted, the forgotten, the lost kids of the streets that no one misses or looks for. Eswatini Section 4. Harmful misperceptions about where and how familial trafficking happens, such as the belief that familial trafficking only occurs within neighborhoods, communities, or countries of low socioeconomic status, contributes to challenges to prosecution, prevention, and protection efforts. Patrick Hamilton It was clear that COVID-19 exacerbated the vulnerabilities of millions of individuals and adversely affected efforts to combat human trafficking, but little concrete information existed to confirm the trends, understand the impacts, and shape the anti-trafficking response. As vulnerabilities increase and human traffickers quickly adapt, governments must take steps to address anti-trafficking efforts in their COVID-19 strategies, including by supporting and cooperating with the anti-trafficking community as it adjusts to the pandemic operating environment. Allocating resources to debunk myths and misinformation about human trafficking takes time away from critical services including responding to survivors seeking help. In 2020, the Government of Canada launched Project PROTECT to increase awareness of sex trafficking, as well as the quantity and quality of suspicious transaction reporting. Maharaj has given credence to the Prime Minister's claim in Parliament on Friday about the involvement of Opposition members in human trafficking, as he responded to questions from Naparima MP Rodney Charles about actions taken in light of a damning 2022 US report on human trafficking, which pointed fingers at "senior government officials.". Some indicators of forced labor of a child include situations in which the child appears to be in the custody of a non-family member and the childs work financially benefits someone outside the childs family; or the denial of food, rest, or schooling to a child who is working. Members of prosecution teams were obliged to think creatively to meet the victims needs while considering their own health and safety. Traffickers also exploit financial sector innovations, such as prepaid cards and mobile payment applications, to accept payments or move funds through the financial system. Guillermina Cabrera Figueroa is the specialized prosecutor for human trafficking for the State of Mexico. Business owners and landlords pressured individuals to take out loans in exchange for cheap labor or commercial sexual exploitation. The Philippine Department of Justice noted an increase of nearly 300 percent in referrals for potential online sex trafficking and OSEC cases from March to May 2020, the period during which the Philippines was under lockdown or quarantine measures. In January 2021, the government finalized and disseminated national SOPs for trafficking victim identification, referral, and protection to all front-line agencies involved in anti-trafficking efforts; implementation was ongoing at the end of the reporting period. Guardian Media Newsroom. Marshall Islands Pandemic mitigation efforts forced many people to shift online, including human traffickers. Human trafficking is a heinous crime that exploits the most vulnerable in society. However, that's changed. The integration of survivor leadership and trauma-informed practices requires inclusive interactions with survivors of all forms of human trafficking with a diversity of perspectives, such as gender, national origin, race, and sexuality. The Government of Russia had a government policy or pattern of trafficking. 10. It said that authorities continued investigating two dozen police officers alleged to be involved in human trafficking, but none of these investigations moved to prosecution. Then, we must do a better job supporting survivors when they escape. Taiwan As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. When I was told, you will either be a child of mine or gay, I simply said fine and walked out the door with the few items I could carry. The FGS agreed on an action plan with the United Nations in 2012 to end the recruitment and use of children by the Somali National Army (SNA). This placement is based not on the size of a countrys problem but on the extent of government efforts to meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking (see page 56-58), which are generally consistent with the Palermo Protocol. While the TVPA and the UN TIP Protocol call on governments to proactively address trafficking crimes, some governments are part of the problem, directly compelling their citizens into sex trafficking or forced labor. It reflects on the lessons learned from practitioners and offers considerations to rebuild momentum through coordinated anti-trafficking strategies. Additionally, COVID-19 mitigation efforts, such as stay-at-home orders and travel limitations, increased rates of gender-based violence and substance abuse, both of which put individuals at a higher risk of human traffickers exploiting them. Australia After four years and three promotions at work, I was told, you are too gay; if you want to continue working here, you will go back in the closet. I figured within the previous two months I had already lost my house, my family, and my college scholarshipat that point, what was my job? Effects of corruption are noted, and possible solutions are proposed. Russia Guatemala Ghana The conversation started, I have never been so humiliated; how was I supposed to maintain my composure? After a few moments of inquiring, I was informed of what was so humiliating to her, me. Lastly, section 333 is used to support counter-improvised explosive devices (C-IED) or route clearance programming which enables the Nigerian military to escort humanitarian assistance convoys in the volatile Northeast where the violence wrought by ISIS-West Africa and Boko Haram has displaced 1.8 million civilians and rendered 9.8 million in the Lake Chad region in need of humanitarian assistance. Despite commitments from South Sudan armed groups in February 2019 to prevent and end the six grave violations against children, the UN continues to verify reports of such grave violations against children committed by all parties to the conflict. Poland After receiving a tip from child rights activists, police conducted a raid to remove the children from the factory and arrest the trafficker. Forty percent of those on the streets are LGBTQI+. While the TVPA already directs the Secretary to consider the extent to which officials participated in, facilitated, condoned, or were otherwise complicit in trafficking when determining tier rankings, this new section more directly links government involvement in trafficking crimes to a Tier 3 ranking. Julie Hicks The economic and social distress generated by the pandemic and related mitigation efforts exacerbated risks for vulnerable and marginalized populations. I knew I was playing with fire. A comforting environment and informal play can assist survivors in expressing their feelings of fear and distress while also supporting their resiliency. Japan When a White person goes missing, you hear about it every five minutes. Harold Jahnsen Ravi Buck 333 $2,957,240 When we couldnt pay, we slept on subways, in empty warehouses, in cars, or on couches. In addition, the GOI has made progress centralizing payment systems, including for the PMF, which helps to prevent government salaries from being paid to children. Facing extreme poverty in India due to COVID-19, Aaravs parents sold him for US $21 to the owner of a bangle factory. J. Brett Hernandez Peru Germany Most well-known is the hospitality industry, but the crime also occurs in connection with extractive industries where activities are often remote and lack meaningful government presence. The Government of Thailand issued a Cabinet Resolution in August 2020 that made it easier to obtain new work permits and provided extensions for migrants working in Thailand. Section 2 provides a description and the amounts of assistance withheld pursuant to section 404(a) of the CSPA. The GOI is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. If another family member notices the exploitation of the child, there is a strong incentive to look the other way to protect the family, both physically and in reputation, from outside interventions. Morocco Katherine Borgen Angola Section 333 is used to support the Air-to-Ground Integration (AGI) program, which integrates intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), precision strike, and military intelligence to increase the effectiveness of the Nigerian Air Force while reducing the potential for civilian harm through human rights and IHL training in support of the nationally-funded FMS Super Tucano A-29 lines of effort. Disruptions to public justice systems and diversion of resources from anti-trafficking efforts during the pandemic increased impunity for traffickers and lowered the odds of their arrest. After arriving in the United States, Vicente and several other Chilean students learned their program had been changed from a two-year program to a one-year program in food services. Joriz began sexually abusing Benilda on camera, live-streaming it to the internet for money. The United States will continue engaging with Afghan security forces to encourage implementation of the policies and legal frameworks in place, such as the Ministry of Defenses Protection of Children in Armed Conflict Policy. Pennsylvania State Universitys Center for Global Worker Rights and the Worker Rights Consortium reported that this resulted in shutdowns of thousands of factories in producing countries that sent home millions of factory workers, often without legally mandated pay. Ibusukis advocacy, along with his unwavering and admirable dedication to helping foreign nationals enduring labor exploitation and protecting their human rights, have brought these issues to the forefront and raised their profile within Japan and around the world. Hungary Both the federal government and states have passed laws that shift the blame away from vulnerable youth and adults onto traffickers and customers and attach stiff penalties for sex trafficking. With limited access to wraparound services that, in many cases, are integral to survivors independence and well-being, trafficking survivors are at an increased risk of re-victimization. Belize Overcoming and adapting to these broad impacts of the pandemic remain critical to an effective response against human trafficking. Anti-trafficking approaches should continue to incorporate technological innovations responsibly to improve anti-trafficking responses. Judges admitted virtual victim testimony via livestream in a separate room to allow victims to feel safer and prevent the potential spread of COVID-19. While the help of the public is a crucial part of anti-trafficking efforts, the public can inadvertently interfere when its actions are based on false information or on tips from individuals with no direct knowledge of human trafficking situations. Children are also used as sex slaves. These measures will go a long way to preventing labor abuse and exploitation, especially forced labor. Page 66: Emily Teague Timothy Gehring The US Department of State is urging the T&T Government to investigate fully and transparently any official suspected of complicity in human trafficking, and to seek conviction and sufficiently stringent punishment of any official found to be complicit. The government did not screen North Korean workers for trafficking indicators or identify any North Korean trafficking victims, despite credible reports in previous years that the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK) operated work camps in Russia and exploited thousands of North Korean workers in forced labor. To address these gaps, the 2017 Human Trafficking Leadership Academy fellows, organized by the Department of Health and Human Services National Human Trafficking Training and Technical Assistance Center (NHTTAC), defined a survivor-informed practice as the meaningful input from a diverse community of survivors at all stages of a program or project, including development, implementation and evaluation.. Nicaragua In India and Nepal, young girls from poor and rural areas were often expected to leave school to help support their families during the economic hardshipsome were forced into marriage in exchange for money, while others were forced to work to supplement lost income. When the family member is the trafficker, the exploitation is often normalized and accepted within the family culture, sometimes spanning generations. The Chinese government had a government policy or pattern of widespread forced labor, including through the continued mass arbitrary detention of more than one million Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, and other Muslims in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang). These harmful practices include redlining, lending discrimination, unequal distribution of government subsidies and services, restricted entry into white collar or higher paying jobs, and intentional exclusions of certain professions from worker protections. Neither U.S. law nor international law requires that a trafficker or victim move across a border for a human trafficking offense to take place. Perpetrators use technology in human trafficking schemes. When there was an error at the local health clinic, and my blood got mixed up with another persons, I tested false positive for AIDS. South Sudan is party to the OPAC, and in 2019, armed groups released an additional 259 child soldiers, and established a process for identifying others to UNICEF through the Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) commission, established under the R-ARCSS. Niger Papua New Guinea Gabon Page 45: Adria Malcolm During a raid, Salih managed to run away to a displaced persons camp. The Prosecution, Protection, and Prevention sections of each country narrative describe how a government has or has not addressed the relevant TVPA minimum standards (see pages 56-58), during the reporting period. 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