Overall, it was reported that Hickok had killed over 100 men during his lifetime. Upon Hickoks arrival, she told him that a Confederate gang led by McCanles was pursuing him, and almost immediately they were set upon by the Confederates. [21] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized for the killing, and offered her $35 in restitution, all the money he had with him at the time. At the end of the trial, Judge Sempronius H. Boyd told the jury they could not find Hickok acted in self-defense if he could have reasonably avoided the fight. During the next several years he appeared in Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show, living off his fame as the consummate gunfighter. Not a word was uttered. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. Just weeks later, on her deathbed in Terry, South Dakota, Jane confessed that she and Jessie were now estranged and declined to say where her daughter was living. "[56], Martha Jane Cannary, known popularly as Calamity Jane, claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and had divorced him so he could be free to marry Agnes Lake, but no records that support her account have been found. When a seat opened up at the table, a drunk man named Jack McCall sat down to play. [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. Wild Bill Hickok was one of the early "Heroes of the West." He had built a reputation as an extraordinary gunfighter with a sense of fairness and justice. All About History is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! He fought and spied for the Union Army during the American Civil War and gained publicity after the war as a scout, marksman, actor, and professional gambler. In 1866 Hickok helped guide Gen. William T. Shermans tour of the West, and in 186768 he scouted for Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock and Lieut. In the HBO show Deadwood (2004-2006), Wild Bill is played by Keith Carradine. [23][b], After the Civil War broke out in April 1861, Hickok became a teamster for the Union Army in Sedalia, Missouri. [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. After in inquest where other incidents of Hickoks brand of frontier justice was revealed, he was relieved of his duties. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. He was later elected constable of Monticello Township in Johnson County, Kansas. There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. In fact, William Hickok (senior) was so opposed to slavery that it's been reported that the Hickok house was a station for the Underground Railroad, where black slaves stopped for refuge on their journey north to freedom. Hickok joined the antislavery Free State Army of Jayhawkers and, having already become skilled with a gun as a youth, served as a bodyguard for Gen. James H. Lanes. He was born James Butler Hickok on 27 May 1837 in Troy Grove, Illinois. On August 2, 1876, Wild Bill Hickok died a sudden, violent death while gambling in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. Though no solid record exists, he is believed to have served as a Union spy in the Confederate Army before his discharge in 1865. "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. When Jane arrived in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1895, she told others that she needed money to enrol Jessie in a convent school at Sturgis. One of the workers, Joseph McLintock, wrote a detailed description of the reinterment. [69] In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. A monument has been built there. By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. Updates? All Rights Reserved. The next child, also named Lorenzo Butler Hickok, was born in November of 1832. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. Lorenzo Butler Hickok spoke with McCall after the trial, and said McCall showed no remorse. [40]:196, In September 1869, his first month as sheriff, Hickok killed two men. Citizens of the town complained to Hickok, who requested that Thompson and Coe remove the image. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. [j] Utter supervised the move and noted that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok had been imperfectly embalmed. Brady, like Varnes, had disappeared from Deadwood and could not be found. The event haunted Hickok for the rest of his life. Wild Bill Hickok was an American folk hero. The watch had great sentimental value to Hickok, so he asked Tutt not to wear it in public. August 18, 1876, image 3", "Jack McCall Cowardly Killer of Wild Bill Hickok", "American Wonder Wild Bill Hickok Shot and Killed from Behind on This Day in History", Bozeman Avant Courier, December 22, 1876, image 1, testimony of George M. Shingle, "Riverboat captain 'carried' bullet that killed Hickok", "Jack McCall and the Murder of Wild Bill Hickok", "Wild Bill Hickok: Pistoleer, Peace Officer and Folk Hero", Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok's Colt Model 1851 Navys, "Wild Bill Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. McCall was tried and acquitted of murder as a result of his dubious claim that the killing was in revenge for Hickoks murder of his brother in Abilene. The first was Bill Mulvey, who was rampaging through town, drunk, shooting out mirrors and whisky bottles behind bars. But although there was an uncanny resemblance between the two, plus stories of Jane visiting the child, Shadley lacked any documentation to back up her claim. His own show, The Daring Buffalo Chase of the Plains, did not fare well, but in 1873 he joined Buffalo Bill Codys The Scouts of the Prairie, which was based in Rochester, New York. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. The bullet emerged through his right cheek and struck another player, riverboat Captain William Massie, in the left wrist. He was famous on the Deadliest Catch for his hard work, knowledge of fishing, and quick-witted humor. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. It is believed that McCanles arrived at the station with his son, Monroe; his cousin, James Woods; and James Gordon, a man in his service. By 1942 Jessie had changed her story, perhaps at McCormicks urging. Take that!" He seemed to have respect for Hickok's abilities and replied, "If Bill needs killing, why don't you kill him yourself? [34]:34 The show featured six buffalo, a bear, and a monkey, and one show ended in disaster when a buffalo refused to act, prompting Hickok to fire a bullet into the sky. The town of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every summer evening. Not wasting a second, he quietly drew his revolver and shot Hickok in the back of the head, instantly killing him. In reality, Janes first verified child was born in November 1882 when she was living with rancher Frank King near Miles City, Montana. This was during the Indian Wars, in which Hickok sometimes served as a scout for General George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry. On July 21, 1865, in a shootout in Springfield, Missouri, he killed David Tutt, a skillful gunfighter who had been flaunting the watch he won from Hickok in a poker game. Omissions? Nick McGlashan had two children, Lennyn Annette Richardson of Unalaska (7) and Kane Wilder Hammond of Port Townsend, WA (1). "The Custer-Hickok Shootout in Hays City. He claimed he was avenging Hickok's earlier slaying of his brother, which may have been true; a man named Lew McCall had indeed been killed by an unknown lawman in Abilene, Kansas, but whether or not the two McCall men were related is unknown. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. [52], In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia. Hickok is a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games. Their quick-draw duel was recorded as the first of its kind. Like his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickok was the son of an abolitionist. Horace Hickok was born in October of 1834. setTimeout(function(){var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src","https://sample.dragonforms.com/getEmbeddedClientScript.do?embeddedsite=TW_dispatch_nl"),t.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.body.appendChild(t)},5); Become a subscriber today and youll recieve a new issue every month plus unlimited access to our full archive of backlogged issues. Hickok was arrested for murder, tried, and acquitted. He was the son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok (Fishwick). She was born in Missouri and spent most of her life on the country's western border. Martha Jane Cannary (May 1, 1852 - August 1, 1903), better known as Calamity Jane, was an American frontierswoman, sharpshooter, and storyteller. He drove freight wagons and coaches. Perhaps most famously, Harper's New Monthly Magazine printed an account of the story in 1867, claiming Hickok had killed 10 men. James Butler Hickok arrived in Springfield, Missouri . ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1982). [57] The two possibly met for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse in Fort Laramie and joined the wagon train in which Hickok was traveling. Both towns had become outposts for lawless men before Hickok arrived and turned things around. What was the relationship between Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane? [20], On July 12, 1861, David McCanles went to the Rock Creek Station office to demand an overdue property payment from Horace Wellman, the station manager. McCall lost heavily. Less than a month after Hickok's death, the trial was found to have no legal status because Deadwood was located in Indian Territory - McCall's acquittal was deemed invalid. The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. [72] As of 2020, the flag is no longer flown. Her friends held a fundraiser for her and the benefit proved a howling successuntil Jane began treating her generous friends to drinks. Unsurprisingly, the two gunslingers found much to relate to in . Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. In 1855, at the age of 18, he left to become a part of thegrowing American West. Wild Bill Hickok's proficiency with a pistol is well known, but there remains some confusion concerning how he used his weapons and which ones he actually used. But Coe "reckoned without his host". Both of his parents loved each other very much and always remained together. The incident began when David McCanles, his brother William and several farmhands came to the station demanding payment for a property that had been bought from him. Circa 1890. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. At the [second] trial it was suggested that [McCall] was hired to do his work by gamblers who feared the time when better citizens should appoint Bill the champion of law and order a post which he formerly sustained in Kansas border life, with credit to his manhood and his courage. He became a deputy U.S. marshal, and on March 28, 1868, he picked up 11 Union Army deserters who had been charged with stealing government property. [68], As I write the closing lines of this brief sketch, word reaches me that the slayer of Wild Bill has been rearrested by the United State [sic?] Last, there is Jessiethe most credible of Calamity Janes daughters. Bath He died in 1887. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. All rights reserved. Nicholss version of the shootout in Harpers grabbed the publics attention, making Hickok an instant legend whose gunfighting prowess became fodder for dime novels. By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. The new trial was held in Yankton, the capital of the Dakota Territory. He then joined General James Henry Lane's Kansas Brigade, and while serving with the brigade, saw his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, who was serving as a scout. He was arrested while using the name Haycock in 1865. The. The story quickly became newspaper and magazine fodder. Macintosh of irregularities and misconduct during the election. When did cowboys begin wearing these shirts? Writing in 1911, he detailed his admiration for Hickok and included a paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account: "Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran the "Bull's Head" a saloon and gambling den, sold whiskey and men's souls. McCall was found guilty and sentenced to death. [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. After the fact, there was much speculation as to whether romantic rivalry had had a role in the incident: Hickok was apparently involved with a woman who had also been involved with the married McCanles. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. Michelle Renes novel, Hour Glass, is a moving, revealing picture of the legendary Calamity Jane., A bar in Hays City, Kansas, on July 17, 1870. i have been told that Wild Bill Hickok is my great great great (i don't know how many greats) uncle, and i haven' been able to find out if any of his brotherrs had kids. Doc Holliday did have a bad cough, as suggested in this episode, from his tuberculosis. American folk hero and lawman (18371876), For the American football player and industrialist, see, Arapaho Joe and Colorado Charlie Utter at Hickok's grave, photograph date unknown, Pistols known to have been carried by Hickok. Despite his reputation,[70] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. [19] According to Hickok's account, he found the road blocked by a cinnamon bear and its two cubs. Quay House, The Ambury, Upon being sprung, Jane whisked into Castle City, picked up the girl, and went on her way. He is chiefly portrayed as a protagonist, although historical accounts of his actions are often controversial, and much of his career is known to have been exaggerated both by himself and by contemporary mythmakers. He was holding two pairs: black aces and black eights (although there is some dispute as to the suit of one of the aces, diamond vs. spade) as his "up cards", which has since become widely known as the "dead man's hand". They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Hickok may have picked up the nickname Wild Bill for his daring fighting in the Union army during the Civil War, which included service as a spy, a scout, and a sharpshooter. His reputation as a gunfighter gave rise to legends and tales about his life. Hickok lost his re-election bid to his deputy. In 1871 he took over as the marshal of the tough cow town of Abilene, Kansas. [21][22] Hickok, Wellman, and another employee, J.W. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. [67], After bragging about killing Hickok, McCall was rearrested. [44] In his 1895 autobiography, published after his death, Hardin claimed to have been befriended by Hickok, the newly elected town marshal, after he had disarmed the marshal using the road agent's spin, but Hardin was known to exaggerate. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1977). This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. McCall was executed for the murder . Before and during Hickok's lifetime (1837-1876), the most readily available firearms were cap-and-ball, or percussion. This was his sixth murder. The episode correctly relates Hickok's vision problems late in his life, and also includes his murderer, Jack McCall, in a highly fictionalized role. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. [a][8], In 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he had killed the other. The trial did not last more than fifteen minutes.[23]. Jane claimed that James Butler Hickok was the father of her child Jean . Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? Nick McGlashan loved his family, friends and fans. Around this time, young James Hickok began using his father's name of William - the 'Wild' part came later - and he also met Buffalo Bill Cody, then just a messenger boy on a wagon train. BA1 1UA Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. Several times he was arrested for vagrancy. Martha (her name wasnt even Jane) had several husbands and a daughter, Jessie, who died in Los Angeles in 1960. The Harper's piece also told the story of how Hickok had pointed to a letter "O" that was "no bigger than a man's heart." There are many versions of the shootout that occurred at Rock Creek on July 12, 1861, shortly after the start of the Civil War, and all, in one way or another, contributed to Hickoks legend. Hickok is known to have fatally shot six men and is suspected of having killed a seventh (McCanles). [62][63] Hickok may have told his friend Charlie Utter and others who were traveling with them that he thought he would be killed while in Deadwood. In another account of the Coe shootout: Theophilus Little, the mayor of Abilene and owner of the town's lumber yard, recorded his time in Abilene by writing in a notebook, which was ultimately given to the Abilene Historical Society. Only station employees were allowed to testify at the trial (testimony by McCanless son was barred), and the verdict was that the men had acted in self-defense. In July, 1865, in Springfield, Missouri's town square, Hickok killed Davis Tutt, an old friend who after personal grudges escalated became an enemy. In 1899, Dorsett took Jessie to live with his mother in Lewiston. Later historians, however, have presented a radically different portrayal of the events at Rock Creek. Burke she had enrolled Jessie in the school. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. [d] The jury voted to clear Hickok, resulting in public backlash and criticism of the verdict. That derisive nickname may have been given to him by David McCanles, who had sold the buildings that became the Pony Expresss Rock Creek station, on credit, to Russell, Majors and Waddell. Good bye, Colorado Charlie, C. H. Utter. He left his wife a few months later to seek his fortune in the goldfields of South Dakota. In June of 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness. Future Publishing Limited To be entitled to acquittal on the ground of self-defense, he must have been anxious to avoid a conflict, and must have used all reasonable means to avoid it. His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. Witnesses confirm that the story was true to the extent the party had set out to find whoever had killed the four men,[e] but the group returned to the fort "without nary a dead Indian, [never] even seeing a live one". [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. The wagon train arrived in Deadwood in July 1876. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. Later, after bragging of his murder of Hickok, McCall was retried in Laramie, Wyoming Territory, found guilty, and hanged on March 1, 1877. [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. Now, she said, both Calamity Jane and another famed woman of the west, Belle Starr, were her aunts. [12] The article was controversial wherever Hickok was known, and several frontier newspapers wrote rebuttals. During the Civil War, he served as a wagon master, scout, detective, courier, and spy. Wild Bill Hickok was born on May 27, 1837 in Troy Grove, Illinois. The second trial was not considered double jeopardy because of the irregular jury in the first trial and because Deadwood was at the time in unorganized Indian country. At the time of the so-called McCanles Massacre, Hickok was known as Duck Bill because of his sweeping nose and protruding upper lip (covered with a mustache later in life). And though it is difficult to picture her in the domestic arena, Jane was also a mother. In 1954 an episode of Gunsmoke on CBS radio featured John Dehner as Hickok. Hickok was of English ancestry. Hickok may have been acting sheriff before he was elected; a newspaper reported that he arrested offenders on August 18, and the commander of Fort Hays wrote a letter to the assistant adjutant general on August 21 in which he praised Hickok for his work in apprehending deserters. Hickok's retort is one of the West's most famous sayings (though possibly apocryphal): "Did the crow have a pistol? Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. [24], In late 1863, Hickok worked for the provost marshal of southwest Missouri as a member of the Springfield detective police. The story continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, who acted faster and shot McCanles in the chest. Six months later Jane visited friends in Deadwood, stating Jessie had married and was living in North Dakota with two children. He wanted me to go with him, and as we started on our way, imagine my surprise and uncomfortable feeling when he announced his intention of stopping at the McCanles home. On October 5, 1871, Hickok was standing off a crowd during a street brawl when Coe fired two shots. He was sentenced to death on January 3, 1877 and on March 1, 1877 he was executed by hanging. Some contemporaneous reports of his exploits are known to be fictitious, but they remain the basis of much of his fame and reputation. [citation needed], Leander Richardson, a reporter, interviewed McCall shortly before his execution, and wrote an article about him for the April 1877 issue of Scribner's Monthly. "The Girl and the Gunfighter: A Newly Discovered Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok. 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