When the use of a specific aid believed reasonably necessary by a qualified medical professional is deemed inappropriate for security or safety reasons, correctional authorities should consider alternatives to meet the health needs of the prisoner. These materials should include paper, writing implements, envelopes, and stamps. (g) If practicable, staff should seek intervention and advice from a qualified mental health professional prior to a planned or predictable use of force against a prisoner who has a history of mental illness or who is exhibiting behaviors commonly associated with mental illness. (c) The handbook required by Standard 23-4.1 should advise prisoners about the potential legal consequences of a failure to use the institutional grievance procedures. (e) A prisoner should be informed if correctional authorities deny the prisoner permission to send or receive any publication or piece of correspondence and should be told the basis for the denial and afforded an opportunity to appeal the denial to an impartial correctional administrator. (a) For the duration of each prisoners confinement, the prisoner including a prisoner in long-term segregated housing or incarcerated for a term of life imprisonment should be engaged in constructive activities that provide opportunities to develop social and technical skills, prevent idleness and mental deterioration, and prepare the prisoner for eventual release. (a) Correctional authorities should be permitted to physically separate prisoners in segregated housing from other prisoners but should not deprive them of those items or services necessary for the maintenance of psychological and physical wellbeing. (e) Governmental authorities should allow a prisoner to engage counsel of the prisoners choice when the prisoner is able to do so. (c) A prisoner who refuses testing or treatment for a serious communicable disease should be housed in a medically appropriate setting until a qualified health care professional can ascertain whether the prisoner is contagious. (d) In the event of a lockdown of longer than [7 days], a qualified mental health professional should visit the affected housing units at least weekly to observe and talk with prisoners in order to assess their mental health and provide necessary services. Governmental authorities should make every effort to house all prisoners in need of secure confinement in publicly operated correctional facilities. (d) Correctional authorities should be permitted to open and inspect an envelope, package, or container sent to or by a prisoner to determine if it contains contraband or other prohibited material, subject to the restrictions set forth in these Standards on inspection of mail to or from counsel. Officials should provide a clear rationale in writing for any censorship decision, and should afford prisoners a timely opportunity to appeal the decision to a correctional administrator. ], Standard 23-1.1 General principles governing imprisonment, Standard 23-2.3 Classification procedures, Standard 23-2.4 Special classification issues, Standard 23-2.6 Rationales for segregated housing, Standard 23-2.7 Rationales for long-term segregated housing, Standard 23-2.8 Segregated housing and mental health, Standard 23-2.9 Procedures for placement and retention in long-term segregated housing, Standard 23-3.1 Physical plant and environmental conditions, Standard 23-3.2 Conditions for special types of prisoners, Standard 23-3.6 Recreation and out-of-cell time, Standard 23-3.7 Restrictions relating to programming and privileges, Standard 23-3.9 Conditions during lockdown, Standard 23-4.1 Rules of conduct and informational handbook, Standard 23-4.2 Disciplinary hearing procedures, Standard 23-5.1 Personal security and protection from harm, Standard 23-5.2 Prevention and investigation of violence, Standard 23-5.4 Self-harm and suicide prevention, Standard 23-5.5 Protection of vulnerable prisoners, Standard 23-5.8 Use of chemical agents, electronic weaponry, and canines, Standard 23-5.9 Use of restraint mechanisms and techniques, Standard 23-6.1 General principles governing health care, Standard 23-6.2 Response to prisoner health care needs, Standard 23-6.3 Control and distribution of prescription drugs, Standard 23-6.4 Qualified health care staff, Standard 23-6.6 Adequate facilities, equipment, and resources, Standard 23-6.8 Health care records and confidentiality, Standard 23-6.9 Pregnant prisoners and new mothers, Standard 23-6.11 Services for prisoners with mental disabilities, Standard 23-6.12 Prisoners with chronic or communicable diseases, Standard 23-6.13 Prisoners with gender identity disorder, Standard 23-6.14 Voluntary and informed consent to treatment, Standard 23-6.15 Involuntary mental health treatment and transfer, Standard 23-7.2 Prisoners with disabilities and other special needs, Standard 23-7.5 Communication and expression, Standard 23-7.7 Records and confidentiality, Standard 23-7.9 Searches of prisoners bodies, Standard 23-7.10 Cross-gender supervision, Standard 23-7.11 Prisoners as subjects of behavioral or biomedical research, Standard 23-8.8 Fees and financial obligations, Standard 23-8.9 Transition to the community, Standard 23-9.2 Access to the judicial process, Standard 23-9.3 Judicial review of prisoner complaints, Standard 23-9.4 Access to legal and consular services, Standard 23-9.5 Access to legal materials and information, Standard 23-10.2 Personnel policy and practice, Standard 23-10.5 Privately operated correctional facilities, Standard 23-11.2 External regulation and investigation, Standard 23-11.3 External monitoring and inspection, Standard 23-11.4 Legislative oversight and accountability, Standard 23-11.5 Media access to correctional facilities and prisoners, ABA Criminal Justice Standards on Treatment of Prisoners (Approved by ABA House of Delegates, Feb. 2010), Correctional agencies, facilities, staff, and prisoners. (d) A correctional facility should have or provide adequate access to a library for the use of all prisoners, adequately stocked with a wide range of both recreational and educational resources, books, current newspapers, and other periodicals. Physical restraints should be used only as a last resort and their use should comply with the limitations in Standard 23-5.9. (iii) Weekly, a qualified mental health professional should observe and seek to talk with each prisoner. (b) When determining whether a pleading or other court filing has stated a legally cognizable claim or complied with other requirements, courts should take into account the challenges faced by pro se prisoners. (a) Governmental officials should ensure that each sentenced prisoner confined for more than [6 months] spends a reasonable part of the final portion of the term of imprisonment under conditions that afford the prisoner a reasonable opportunity to adjust to and prepare for re-entry into the community. Correctional officials should not unreasonably delay the delivery of these legal documents. The standard menu should not be varied for any prisoner without the prisoners consent, except that alternative food should be permitted for a limited period for a prisoner in segregated housing who has used food or food service equipment in a manner that is hazardous to the prisoner or others, provided that the food supplied is healthful, palatable, and meets basic nutritional requirements. (c) Correctional administrators and officials should strive to employ a work force at each correctional facility that reasonably reflects the racial and ethnic demographics of the prisoner population by engaging in outreach and recruiting efforts to increase the pool of qualified applicants from underrepresented groups and by implementing appropriate retention policies. Correctional authorities, including health care staff, should be alert to identify and document signs of sexual assault and should implement a protocol for providing victims with a thorough forensic medical examination performed by an appropriately trained qualified medical professional. (e) Health care should be based on the clinical judgments of qualified health care professionals, not on non-medical considerations such as cost and convenience. _______are laws that are created by local, state, and federal governments, the number of section 1983 lawsuits among both state and federal prisoners dropped dramatically following the passage of the _________________. In developing the re-entry plan, correctional authorities should involve any agency with supervisory authority over the prisoner in the community and, with the prisoners permission, should invite involvement by the prisoners family. The plan should describe the course of treatment provided the prisoner in the facility and any medical, dental, or mental health problems that may need follow-up attention in the community. Conditions of extreme isolation generally include a combination of sensory deprivation, lack of contact with other persons, enforced idleness, minimal out-of-cell time, and lack of outdoor recreation. (d) Prisoners employed by a correctional facility should be compensated in order to create incentives that encourage work habits and attitudes suitable for post-release employment. (e) If restraints are used for medical or mental health care purposes, the restrained prisoner should, if possible, be placed in a health care area of the correctional facility, and the decision to use, continue, and discontinue restraints should be made by a qualified health care professional, in accordance with applicable licensing regulations. (b) No prisoner under the age of eighteen should be housed in an adult correctional facility. Correctional officials should implement a policy of prompt and thorough investigation of any credible allegation of the threat or commission of prisoner sexual assault or sexual contact with or sexual exploitation by staff. (iv) any other information reasonably believed to jeopardize institutional security if disclosed. Prisoners should be informed of this procedure pursuant to Standard 23-4.1, including any applicable timeframes or other bases for rejecting a grievance on procedural grounds. B. correctional authorities should conduct such a search only in the presence of the prisoner to or from whom the letter or document is addressed. (b) Prisoners access to the judicial process should not be restricted by the nature of the action or the relief sought, the phase of litigation involved, or the likelihood of success of the action, except if like restrictions, including filing fees, are imposed on non-prisoners. Correctional authorities should facilitate prisoners reintegration into free society by implementing appropriate conditions of confinement and by sustained planning for such reintegration. 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